Absent periods, also known as amenorrhea, refer to the absence of menstrual bleeding in women of reproductive age. There are two types: primary amenorrhea, where menstruation never begins by age 15 or 16, and secondary amenorrhea, where menstruation stops for three or more months in a woman who previously had regular cycles. The causes of amenorrhea are diverse and can include hormonal imbalances, such as those related to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), thyroid disorders, or elevated prolactin levels. Other potential causes include extreme weight loss, excessive exercise, stress, and chronic illnesses. Structural abnormalities of the reproductive system, such as uterine scarring from surgery or congenital abnormalities, can also lead to amenorrhea. Additionally, certain medications and treatments like chemotherapy or birth control can cause periods to stop.
Treatment for absent periods depends on the underlying cause. For hormonal imbalances, treatments may include hormone therapy or medications to regulate menstrual cycles, such as birth control pills or progesterone. Lifestyle changes, like achieving a healthy weight through diet and exercise or reducing stress through relaxation techniques, can help restore normal menstruation in cases related to weight or stress. If structural issues are present, surgical intervention may be necessary to correct abnormalities. For those with conditions like PCOS, medications that regulate insulin levels or induce ovulation may be prescribed. It is important for women experiencing amenorrhea to consult a healthcare provider for a comprehensive evaluation and personalized treatment plan, as untreated amenorrhea can lead to complications like osteoporosis or infertility.
